fyeahuniverse:images by Wikimedia Commons, and Wikimedia CommonsMorphine, the gold standard of pain
fyeahuniverse:images by Wikimedia Commons, and Wikimedia CommonsMorphine, the gold standard of pain relief. Instead of acting locally, morphine acts directly upon the central nervous system, much like heroin. Discovered in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, it was commercially sold in 1827 by a small chemists shop, although its usage did not become widespread until 1857 when the hypodermic needle was invented.Morphine is a large part of opium, which is highly addictive. Morphine itself is also addictive and has been shown to have adverse side effects such as consipation, severe addiction and thus withdrawl. One of the more alarming side effects is that even one injection of morphine has been shown to alter the expression of genes which are significant in mitochondrial respiration. -- source link