effulgentpoet:history aestheticsTHE REFORMATIONThe Reformation was a schism in Western Christianity
effulgentpoet:history aestheticsTHE REFORMATIONThe Reformation was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe. Although there had been earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church, Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety-five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences. The Reformation incorporated doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper belief and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God’s pardon for sin. The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought. The Catholic Church responded with a Counter-Reformation, initiated by the Council of Trent in 1545, and a new order, the Jesuits, founded in 1540. Northern Europe, with the exception of most of Ireland, came under the influence of Protestantism. Southern Europe remained Catholic. Central Europe became a site of a fierce conflict that culminated in the Thirty Years’ War. X -- source link
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