queenwydville: HISTORY MEME | Captivating Kings + Queens [9/-} ♕ Edward I King of&nbs

queenwydville:HISTORY MEME | Captivating Kings + Queens [9/-} ♕ Edward I King of England (17/6/1239 - 7/7/1307)Edward was King of England from 1272 to 1307. He was born at the Palace of Westminster, first born son of King Henry III. In 1254, he married Eleanor of Castile. Edward’s early adulthood took place against a backdrop of civil strife between his father and rebel barons. Edward was himself held captive by rebel leader Simon de Montfort before escaping and leading royalist forces to victory at the Battle of Evesham in August 1265, where de Montfort was killed.In 1270, Edward left England to join the Eighth Crusade in the Holy Land. His father died in 1272 and Edward returned to London, arriving in August 1274. He was determined to enforce his primacy in the British Isles. The first part of his reign was dominated by his campaigns in Wales. He invaded in 1277, defeated the Welsh leader, Llywelyn ap Gruffyd and built a ring of castles to enforce his authority. When his rule provoked rebellion, he invaded again. Gruffyd was killed in battle in 1282 and his brother David executed, ending Welsh hopes of independence. Wales was brought into the English legal and administrative framework and in 1301 Edward’s son was proclaimed prince of Wales - a tradition that persists to this day. He faithfully obeyed Magna Carta. Order was the great thing he cared for, and under him the English grew prosperous.The Kings of Scotland always used to pay homage to those of England. King Edward ruled that  John Balliol had the best right to be King. The Scots rebelled against the interference of King Edward I and Edward led  his army into Scotland. John Balliol was made prisoner and sent away to France. Edward fought to join Scotland to England, and rule it himself. William Wallace led a Scottish rebellion against Edward I . There was a great fight at the Bridge of Stirling; the English were beaten, and Wallace led his men over the border into Northumberland, where they plundered and burnt wherever they went, in revenge for what had been done in Scotland. Edward gathered his forces and came to Scotland. The army that Wallace had drawn together could not stand before him, but was defeated at Falkirk. William Wallace was betrayed by one of his own countrymen, Wallace was sent to London, and put to death.All seemed quieted, and English garrisons—that is, guarding soldiers —were in all the Scottish towns and castles, when, suddenly, Robert Bruce then went to Scone and had been crowned King of Scotland. Edward was bitterly angry now. He sent on an army to deal unsparingly with the rising which was called’Harrying of the North’. Cruel action was taken at the places where Robert Bruce had been acknowledged as king, and his friends were hung as traitors wherever they were found; but Bruce himself could not be caught. He was living a wild life among the lakes and hills; and Edward, who was an old man now, had been taken so ill at Carlisle, that he could not come on to keep his own strict rule among his men. All the winter he lay sick there; and in the spring he heard that Robert the Bruce, whom he thought quite crushed, had suddenly burst upon the English, defeated them, and was gathering strength every day.At home, Edward was responsible for a variety of legal and administrative reforms, asserting the rights of the Crown, promoting the uniform administration of justice and codifying the legal system. His military campaigns necessitated increases in taxation which in turn required more regular meetings of parliament - by the end of Edward’s reign, these had become an established feature of political life. The desire for financial gain contributed to Edward’s expulsion of Jews from England in 1290.In 1307, Edward put on his armor and set out for Scotland; but at Burgh-on- the-Sands his illness came on again, and he died there at seventy years old. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, under a great block of stone, and the inscription on it only says, “Edward I., 1308 - The Hammer of the Scots - Keep Treaties.” His wife, Queen Eleanor, had died many years before him, and was also buried at Westminster. All the way from Grantham, in Lincolnshire—where she died—to London, Edward set up a beautiful stone cross wherever her body rested for the night— fifteen of them—but only three are left standing. {[inspiration]} -- source link

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